Lesson Plan Tips #1: Anticipating problems


Why are they important?

Let’s explore the importance of this section of the plan by briefly looking at a couple of scenarios which I very often observe on CELTA teaching practices.
While reading these scenarios, check if you have had any similar experiences!

Scenario 1:

The teacher is about to do a listening exercise with the learners. She has prepared them in an excellent way through a series of activities. The atmosphere is nice, the learners are engaged with the whole process and everything is going great!
The teacher sets the listening exercise and presses the PLAY button; the speakers do not work properly; the learners cannot hear anything! She then panics and tells the learners to wait for a couple of minutes! She spends about 8 minutes trying to fix the speakers. In the end, the learners start chatting away as they have nothing to do while the teacher is still trying to fix the problem.
She finally gives in and tells the learners there is not going to be any listening so they might as well do one last speaking task (which was based on the content of the recording!) and finish the lesson earlier.

Scenario 2:

The teacher has just presented the difference between the present perfect simple, i.e. I have been to China, and the past simple, i.e. I went to China 3 years ago. She used very nice and clear timelines to show the meaning, etc. When the learners start practising the tenses through a gap-filling exercise, they produce sentences like the following:
-       She has buyed a nice pair of shoes.
-       The children have breaked the vase.
The teacher notices the problem and stops the activity; she then spends the rest of the lesson explaining the difference between regular vs. irregular verbs and she goes through all of the past participle forms of all irregular verbs. By the end of the lesson, the learners are exhausted and bored.


In both scenarios described above, the CELTA trainee teachers had designed very good plans and activities to help the learners achieve the lesson aims; however, these aims were not ultimately achieved and the lessons were not satisfactory.
This could have been prevented had the teachers anticipated problems related to classroom equipment and the learners’ background knowledge (or lack thereof) of the language.


How can I come up with a good range of valid problems then?

Simply go through your plan and imagine what things could destroy the smooth flow of the lesson!
It would be a good idea to break down these anticipated catastrophes in separate sections so that you can be sure that you cover all key areas of your lesson.


Let’s look at some examples!

Example 1:
You can divide the anticipated problems in the following areas as a separate section of your plan.


Anticipated problems related to…
·       classroom equipment and resources
o   
o   
·       the learners
o   
o   
·       language
o   
o   
·       skills
o   
o  



Example 2:
You can make a note of each anticipated problem on the procedure of your lesson as shown below. Let’s take Scenario 2 (gap-filling exercise for the present perfect simple vs. the past simple) as an example.




Example 3:
You can make a note of the anticipated problems on the coursebook page as shown below.
If your director agrees with your writing on the coursebook, this can be extremely helpful for your colleagues using the same coursebook!



Ok. I’ve found the main problems! What do I do next?

Don’t despair! Help is on the way!
My next post will be about ways of coming up with suitable and practical solutions to problems like the ones described in the two scenarios.

Stay tuned!





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